Production Biobriquettes of Teak Sawdust, Bamboo Leaves, and Corn Cobs.

Briquettes producing is the process of being subjected to grinding processing, mixing raw materials, printing and drying in certain circumstances, in order to obtain briquettes that have a shape, physical size, and specific chemical properties. The purpose of pembriketan is to improve the quality of the fuel, ease of handling and transport and reduce the loss of material in the form of dust in the transport process (Brades & Tobing, 2008: 12). Some steps in the manufacture of briquettes as follows:1. CarbonizationCarbonization process is a process of incomplete combustion of organic materials with a very limited amount of oxygen, which produces charcoal and lead to the decomposition of the organic compounds that make up the structure of the material to form water vapor, methanol, acetic acid vapors and hydrocarbons (Brades & Tobing , 2008: 8). Carbonization or coalification aims to eliminate the elements contained in the briquettes which when burned will form the smoke and disturbing environment. In composing, the energy in the material will be released slowly. The material is still contained residual energy that can be used for various purposes (Kurniawan & Marsono, 2008: 23).In the process of composing, the heat energy that led to the oxidation of carbon molecules in complex decomposes into mostly carbon or charcoal. The content of volatile substances will disappear and will form the beginning of the pore structure and obtained a high carbon content. Carbon content improved by breaking the chemical bonds that can increase the value of energy and improve combustion properties. Charcoal gives a higher heat of combustion and less smoke (Brades & Tobing, 2008: 8)One method of composing using the drum kiln. This method uses a drum from a heat-resistant metal (usually using an oil drum) to carbonize charcoal. This is the method that is widely used today for the carbonization process, because the cost is relatively inexpensive and not tied to the location (moveable) (Wijaya, 2007: 5).2. Smoothing CharcoalIn making briquettes, charcoal powder must be considered subtlety. Charcoal should be smooth enough to be able to establish a good briquettes. Usually the size of the powder between 40-80 mesh. The particle size is too large will be difficult at times gluing, thus reducing the persistence briquettes produced. Instead the size is too fine will reduce the strength of briquettes as an added binder is not able to bind the particles with a surface that is getting smaller (Widyawati, 2006: 7).3. Preparation and Mixing Adhesives

            Adhesives organic produce relatively little ash after burning briquettes and generally is an effective adhesive. Adhesives are commonly used adhesive / glue shaft made from tapioca flour (Brades & Tobing, 2008: 10). Mixing adhesive intended to superkarbon not easily broken when burned. Comparison between the glue and powdered carbon briquettes to be right so that the printed results are good (Kurniawan & Marsono, 2008: 48)4. Printing and Pressing BriquetteThis process meant that the dough into briquettes with the effectiveness and good order. The higher the pressure the better given the density and firmness of the resulting charcoal briquettes. But the pressure is too high will complicate the process penyalaannya. Matrix is ​​a tool to print the form briquettes. This tool works with the aid of a hydraulic press. Briquettes that have been printed and then pressed / pressed using a hydraulic press tool that serves to mentranmisikan force / energy (Supriyatno, 2010). In general pembriketan technology can be divided into three, namely: 1) producing briquettes high pressure, 2) producing briquettes medium pressure with heating, and 3) low pressure producing briquettes binder (Rohmawati, 2010: 1).5. DryingGenerally, the water content superkarbon printouts are still very high so superkarbon is wet and soft. Therefore, it needs to be dried. Drying temperatures common to make charcoal briquettes is at 60 ° C until the moisture content briquettes approximately 4.34%. Drying will be done with pengovenan which generally takes between 4-6 hours so that all become dry and hard (Kastaman, 2003: 5)6. Coating Materials igniterIgniter material used to make briquettes can be lit in a long time. Coating materials igniter performed after completely dry briquettes seen from the color of charcoal gray. Briquette to be coated is dipped in a solution of the material to seep deep into the ignition of charcoal carbon. Method of dyeing is done by charcoal briquettes dry put into wire baskets. Furthermore, briquettes immersed in liquid igniter material is boiled for a few seconds until the entire surface is submerged and lifted the wire basket and drained. After that, briquettes dried or dried for about 2 hours until all ingredients are pervasive and invisible igniter wet the surface (Kurniawan & Marsono, 2008: 49).