Learning Module

Modules can be formulated as a complete stand-alone unit and consists of a series of learning activities designed to help students achieve a number of objectives that are formulated specifically and clearly (Nasution, 2010:205)

            Characteristics of the following modules:1) Module is the smallest unit of learning and complete2) The module contains a series of learning activities that are planned systematically3) The module includes specific learning objectives4) The module gives students the possibility to learn independently, and5) module is a form of recognition of the differences existing between, or module embodies the individualized teaching.Given the module depends on to whom, what's the point, how it, and what purpose the general characteristics of the teaching modules nenurut Setyosari (1990:10), among others:1) Package learning (self-instructional package)The contents of the module is a unit of a complete package of teaching material, used for independent study. Modules can be self-contained, meaning that a full load on the content of teaching material that will be learned by the students. In addition, there are modules that form nonself contained, meaning that the module contains only instructions or directives of learning for students.2) Taking into account the individual differencesIn general classes or in teaching classical, normal class, the problems often faced by teachers and difficult to overcome, if teachers in a short time which also must serve, meet interests and needs of different students. Individual differences are apparent, such as: intelligence, socio-economic, learning, educational background, fast and slow learning students catch. Teaching modules can resolve these differences. With this module, students can learn according to their own time and intensity, as well as based on ability and talent.3) The purpose of teachingEach module contains teaching objectives that are formulated specifically and operationally. Formulation of objectives explicitly shown before the module so that both teachers and students can determine the direction of the process of teaching and learning.4) The terms, structure, and sequence of the knowledge presented.Module conceived and developed in such a way that the experience assembled in modules are always continuous.5) The use of multimediaTeaching modules provide an opportunity to the students as possible to respond to stimuli according to his ability. Observing capabilities can be enhanced through the use of multiple senses by utilizing a variety of media.6) active participation of studentsThis active participation is required by the module, since the module is designed for self-learning so that each student must utilize the time to complete the modules it.7) Inauguration directlyTeaching modules and berprogram, according to Skinner is an effective application of the concept of confirmation (reinforcement). There is some empirical evidence suggests that inaugural directly or immediately to strengthen the efficiency of the response. So it is suggested to teachers to always apply the principles of feedback, so that students not only know the results, but may increase the yield.8) The control of the evaluationAssessment of learning outcomes is very large effect on the students. Assessment in teaching both formative assessment system modules and summative assessment plays an important role. Through this assessment to see whether students have mastered the learning objectives that have been established and students can be diagnosed in the learning process and progress.Assessment in the module is based on a reference or standard criteria (criterion refenced), meaning that students must achieve certain predetermined criteria, and not by reference to norms based on the strength of the overall grade.Students will soon know the results of that assessment because students can see the answer key has been provided to check the work. Thus, students know the results of his work. That is the control of the evaluation.

            Component modules according to the Development Education Pilot Project Setyosari (1990: 23) states that the module developed has the following components: Instructions for teachers, guidance for students, student activity sheets, student worksheets, answer key for worksheets, tests / assessments, and an answer key for the test sheet. From some of the above points, it can be concluded that the self-learning module is a set that contains one unit of subject matter and arranged in a systematic and focused, consisting of instructions to teachers, guidance for students, student activity sheets, student worksheets, answer key for worksheets , sheet tests / assessments, and an answer key for the test sheet.

            The advantages of learning the system module by Setyosari (1990: 19) include: motivating students to learn because students are always encouraged completed modules on time, the work of students can be seen as soon as possible because after completing the module the student can directly match the job result, the work achieved in accordance with the level of students' abilities, studied the load evenly distributed on each semester, and the students gained knowledge systematically summarized.